Background: The evolving COVID‑, 19 outbreak requires a high level of POPULATION awareness and other measures to protect public health. Objectives: In this STUDY, we aimed to identify knowledge, awareness, and fears of the Saudi POPULATION regarding COVID‑, 19 during this pandemic. Methods: A CROSS‑, SECTIONAL survey STUDY was conducted from April to May 2020 in different Saudi areas. Data were collected via online survey software (Google Forms), and the data collection tool was developed and validated by the STUDY authors to fulfill the STUDY objectives. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. 0. Descriptive statistics and Chi‑, square tests were used for comparison between groups. The statistical significance was considered when the P value ≤, 0. 05. Results: STUDY participants included 2982 people with 66. 8% females. The average percentage of the awareness levels of the current STUDY POPULATION was 68%. The vast majority (95. 1%) did not know how the virus spread while 94. 7% of the participants know the distance that a person should maintain from another person. Significantly higher percentages (70%) knew about and were aware of the prevention methods, including social distancing and hand hygiene, and 73. 5% knew that elderly people with chronic diseases are the highest risk group to become infected. The highest significant fear of COVID‑, 19 was from lack of treatment, which was reported by 77. 5% of the participants with a P value of <0. 05. Conclusions: Our STUDY shows that the POPULATION has acceptable knowledge about COVID‑, 19. Education and work‑, based awareness programs about COVID‑, 19 are needed, especially for prevention and treatment aspects.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of hyperopia and myopia and their associations with age and gender in 5-to 15-year-old children in underserved rural areas in Iran. Methods: In this CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY, sampling was done using a multistage cluster sampling method from two underprivileged rural regions in Iran, and 3851 persons over 1 year old of age were invited to the STUDY. After inviting the selected participants, examinations were conducted at a designated site in the selected villages. All participants underwent measurements of uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, and a slit-lamp examination. Cycloplegic refraction was done by instilling cyclopentolate 1% eye drops in under 15-year-old participants. Results: Of the 3851 selected persons, 3314 subjects participated (86. 5%), and of these, 602 were in the 5e15 year age group. The prevalence of myopia and hyperopia in the studied children was 2. 60% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1. 10e4. 10] and 4. 00% (95% CI: 1. 84e6. 15), respectively. The prevalence of myopia in male and female children was 2. 65% and 2. 55%, respectively (P ¼ 0. 951). The prevalence of hyperopia in male and female children was 2. 83% and 5. 25%, respectively (P ¼ 0. 130). The prevalence of myopia in the villages of southwest and north was 2. 42% and 3. 09%, respectively (P ¼ 0. 618), and the prevalence of hyperopia was 4. 71% and 2. 10%, respectively (P ¼ 0. 0056). Conclusion: The present report is a brief description of the status of refractive errors in children residing in underprivileged villages of two rural districts in Iran. As presented, the prevalence of myopia is not high, although the prevalence of hyperopia is in the mid-range compared to previous studies.

Introduction: This STUDY aimed to investigate the distribution of ethmoid roof variation and symmetry according to Keros classification. Materials and Methods: This CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY assessed the paranasal CT scans of 600 patients over 18 years of age with no history of surgery, trauma, or localized fracture in the ethmoid, nose, and anterior skull base. The lateral lamella of the cribriform plate (LLCP) sizes were measured and classified as Keros type I (1-3 mm), II (4-7mm), and III (8-16mm). Moreover, the symmetry was surveyed in accordance with the LLCP measurements on both sides of the ethmoid roof. These variations were analyzed regarding gender and age. Results: In total, 600 patients participated in this STUDY out of whom 311 cases were male. According to the results, the mean age of the participants was 37. 50± 16. 63 years. Furthermore, the mean values of the LLCP height for the right and left sides were 4. 17± 1. 69 and 4. 93± 1. 97 mm, respectively. Moreover, the asymmetry was observed in 38. 3% of the cases, and they were classified as 36. 7% Keros type I, 50. 5% Keros type II, and 12. 8% Keros type III. Conclusion: Keros type II and symmetry were the most common variations in this STUDY. In addition, these variations were independent of age and gender.